{"id":1740,"date":"2024-11-16T15:54:51","date_gmt":"2024-11-16T13:54:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/?p=1740"},"modified":"2024-11-16T15:54:51","modified_gmt":"2024-11-16T13:54:51","slug":"%d9%87%d9%84-%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/?p=1740","title":{"rendered":"\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 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\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645<a name=\"_ftnref11\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftn11\">[11]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u062b\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u062f\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0639\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 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href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftn16\">[16]<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064b\u0627 (\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a) \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 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href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftn19\">[19]<\/a>. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u00ab\u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 [\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629] \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u00bb<a name=\"_ftnref20\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftn20\">[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0632\u0642\u0632\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0644\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0651 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u00ab\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0646\u0627\u00bb \u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629<a name=\"_ftnref22\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftn22\">[22]<\/a>. \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0648\u0645\u062b \u0646\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u00bb\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0643<a name=\"_ftnref23\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftn23\">[23]<\/a>. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0651 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u00bb \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a: le doute est le premier ras vers la certiude<a name=\"_ftnref24\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftn24\">[24]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u00bb \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a- \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629-\u060c 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\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u00ab\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629\u00bb \u0639\u0646 \u00ab\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u00bb \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0644: \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 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href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftn26\">[26]<\/a>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0640: \u00ab\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u00bb\u061b \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0651 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\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1983.<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d intuition \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u061f\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1946.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651: \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u060c \u06374\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0632\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1929.<\/p>\n<p>\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1986.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0648\u0645\u062b \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0639\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 1977.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u06372\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 1964.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1964.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646: \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651. \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631 &#8211;\u00a0 2008.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646: \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629- \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639- \u06371- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u2013 1945.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646: \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1937 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1976.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1929.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u06378\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1986.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a: \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629- \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631- 1988.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u00ab\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u00bb \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 1986.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a: \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u060c \u06372\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1967.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a: \u0637\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1966.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a: \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c 1952\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1930.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0632\u0642\u0632\u0648\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1967.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0637 3\u060c 1983.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647: \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a- \u0637 3- 1996.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u064a: \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0646- \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629- \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u2013\u0637 1-\u00a0 1980.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0643\u0648\u0631: \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1954.,<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0643\u0631\u0645: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062f. \u062a.<\/p>\n<p>A.Glucksmanm: Descartes C,est le Franse,essai, paris, Flammarion 1987.<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>*\u0640 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0651- \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647- \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629- \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn2\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; A.Glucksmanm : Descartes C,est le Franse,essai, paris, Flammarion 1987.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn3\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0641\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a. \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn4\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>&#8211; \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0643 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629. \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn5\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>&#8211; \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u062a\u0647: \u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0635) \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a. (\u063572) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641) \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a. \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629. \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn6\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a>&#8211; \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u062f\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0627: \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062f. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062f. \u0646. \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u063549.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn7\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647: \u063551.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn8\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642- \u0635 53.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn9\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a>&#8211; \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u062f\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0627: \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 69.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn10\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0635461.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn11\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635475.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn12\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1929\u060c \u0635343.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn13\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 : \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn14\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1929.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn15\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1930.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn16\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a>&#8211; \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063575.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn17\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a>&#8211; \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 1983\u060c \u0635113 \u2013 126.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn18\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a>&#8211; \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646: \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635281.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn19\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref19\">[19]<\/a>&#8211; \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646: \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0635115\u060c 138: 139.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn20\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref20\">[20]<\/a>&#8211; \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646: \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0635115\u060c 138: 139.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn21\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref21\">[21]<\/a>&#8211; \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646: \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn22\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref22\">[22]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0632\u0642\u0632\u0648\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn23\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref23\">[23]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u06357.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn24\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref24\">[24]<\/a>&#8211; \u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0648\u0645\u062b \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0639\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 1977. \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0632\u0642\u0632\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649: \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627: \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn25\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref25\">[25]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062f. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u06378\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1986\u060c \u0635121.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn26\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref26\">[26]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1976\u060c \u0635112- 113. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u00ab\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u00bb \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c 1986\u060c \u063555- 64.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn27\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref27\">[27]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a: \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635107.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn28\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref28\">[28]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647&#8230; \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u00bb&#8230; \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u061b \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0643\u0648\u0631: \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1987\u060c \u0635161.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn29\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref29\">[29]<\/a>&#8211; \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0643\u0648\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0635142.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn30\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref30\">[30]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a: \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f. \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0640 4\u0640 \u06353\u060c 4.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn31\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref31\">[31]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1967\u060c \u06351- 46.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn32\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref32\">[32]<\/a>&#8211; \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627: \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633\u060c \u06373\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1983\u060c \u0635104.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn33\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref33\">[33]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn34\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref34\">[34]<\/a>&#8211; \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u06372\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u063579.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn35\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref35\">[35]<\/a>&#8211; \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1986\u060c \u063551 : 52.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn36\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref36\">[36]<\/a>&#8211; \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627: \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u063595.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn37\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref37\">[37]<\/a>&#8211; \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627: \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u063595.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn38\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref38\">[38]<\/a>&#8211; \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1979\u060c \u0635157.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn39\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref39\">[39]<\/a>&#8211; \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1975\u060c \u063555\u060c 56.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn40\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref40\">[40]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647: \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn41\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref41\">[41]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a: \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 1952\u060c \u063532. \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u00ab\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u00bb(42) \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn42\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref42\">[42]<\/a>&#8211; \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0635122\u060c 147. \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u2013 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u00ab\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\u00bb \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn43\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref43\">[43]<\/a>&#8211; \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644: \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062c2\u060c 3\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 1982\u060c \u0635308.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn44\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref44\">[44]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u064a: \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn45\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref45\">[45]<\/a>&#8211; \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629: \u0647\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u061f \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 19 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1989.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn46\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref46\">[46]<\/a>&#8211; \u064a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u064a \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0633\u00bb \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn47\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref47\">[47]<\/a>&#8211; \u062f. \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1964\u060c \u063562- 63.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn48\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref48\">[48]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u2013 \u0635 101.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn49\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref49\">[49]<\/a>&#8211; \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u00ab\u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u00bb. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627. \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06351. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1932.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn50\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref50\">[50]<\/a>&#8211; \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a: \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u060c \u06372\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1967<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn51\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref51\">[51]<\/a>&#8211; \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a: \u0637\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1966.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn52\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref52\">[52]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d intuition \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u061f\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1946.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn53\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref53\">[53]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d intuition \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u061f\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1946.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn54\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref54\">[54]<\/a>&#8211; \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u00bb \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 intuition \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0633 \u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0633 \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u062d\u062f\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 (\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0635137) \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0647\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 Schorfsinn \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 intuition die srekiylative \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f (\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 intuition \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u00ab\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0629\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u00ab\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646\u00bb \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0621. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a: \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u060c \u06374\u060c \u063541.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn55\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref55\">[55]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063551.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn56\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref56\">[56]<\/a>&#8211; \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/p>\n<p>Descartes: Discourse on Method and their writings, trans by F. E. Sut iliffe penguin Books2 (ed) 1970. .<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn57\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref57\">[57]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a: \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u060c \u06374\u060c \u063569\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 2.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn58\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref58\">[58]<\/a>&#8211; \u062f. \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 1971.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn59\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref59\">[59]<\/a>&#8211; \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0641\u0638 intuition \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 personnalite.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628) \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u062c\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn60\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref60\">[60]<\/a>&#8211; \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063590.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn61\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref61\">[61]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635105\u060c \u0647\u0640\u06403.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn62\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref62\">[62]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u2013 \u0635113.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn63\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref63\">[63]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u063514\u060c 68.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn64\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref64\">[64]<\/a>&#8211; \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u00ab\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u00bb \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0635104- 105\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0623\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0635129. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627: \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06373\u060c 1983\u060c \u0635104- 105- 129. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn65\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref65\">[65]<\/a>&#8211; \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0643\u0631\u0645 : \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062f. \u062a \u0635.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn66\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref66\">[66]<\/a>&#8211; \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0647 : \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0643\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0637\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u06351.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn67\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref67\">[67]<\/a>&#8211; \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0643\u0648\u0631: \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1954 \u0635115 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a).<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn68\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref68\">[68]<\/a>&#8211; \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0635310.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn69\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref69\">[69]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0635310- 312.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn70\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref70\">[70]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1937 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a : \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0635148.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn71\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref71\">[71]<\/a>-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 149.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn72\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref72\">[72]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn73\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iicss.iq\/?id=40&amp;sid=503#_ftnref73\">[73]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a : \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0647 1938.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0623.\u062f. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629* *\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0645\u00a0 \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629\u061f \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1741,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-40"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1740","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1740"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1740\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1742,"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1740\/revisions\/1742"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1741"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1740"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1740"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1740"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}