{"id":2011,"date":"2024-12-21T13:11:37","date_gmt":"2024-12-21T11:11:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/?p=2011"},"modified":"2024-12-21T13:11:37","modified_gmt":"2024-12-21T11:11:37","slug":"%d9%86%d9%82%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%88%d9%84%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%91%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a5%d8%af%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af-%d8%b3%d8%b9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/?p=2011","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f (Edward Said 1935&#8211;2003)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u063a\u0637\u062a: \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u00ab \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 (Joseph Conrad and the Fiction of Autobiography1966).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c (Beginnings: Intentions and Method 1975)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 (Orientalism 1978)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 (The Question of Palestine 1979)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 (Covering Islam 1981)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f (The World, the Text, and the Critic 1983)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Culture and Imperialism 1993)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641 (Representations of the Intellectual 1994)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 (Power, Politics, and Culture 2001)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0641\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 (Freud and non-European 2003)<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0631\u0627\u062f (Joseph Conrad) \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1966 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: (Conrad and the Fiction of Autobiography)\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0633\u062d\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647. \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1975\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u00bb (Beginnings: Intentions and Method)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u00bb (Orientalism) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1978\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u0648 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0651\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642) \u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u00ab\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 Covering Islam \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1981\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647: \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u00bb (The World, the Text, and the Critic) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1983\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u060c \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u00bb (Secular Criticism) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0628\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u00ab\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00bb (traveling theory) \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00bb (Culture and Imperialism) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1993\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c 1996\u0645<\/p>\n<p>6 &#8211; \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u06371\u060c 2011\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>7 &#8211; \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 2005\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>8 &#8211; \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c 2008\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>9 &#8211; \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<\/p>\n[1]-\u00a0 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c 2008\u0645\u060c \u0635 208<\/p>\n[2]-\u00a0 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0635 166.<\/p>\n[3]-\u00a0 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c 2000\u060c \u0635 55-56.<\/p>\n[4]-\u00a0 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u063517.<\/p>\n[5]-\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 17-18.<\/p>\n[6]-\u00a0 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0635 18.<\/p>\n[7]-\u00a0 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 18-19.<\/p>\n[8]\u00a0 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0641\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u06371\u060c 1998\u0645\u060c \u0635 134.<\/p>\n[9]\u00a0 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0635 35.<\/p>\n[10]\u00a0 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0635 143-144.<\/p>\n[11]\u00a0 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0635 6.<\/p>\n[12]\u00a0 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0635\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c 1996\u0645\u060c \u0635 41.<\/p>\n[13]\u00a0 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0635 47-48.<\/p>\n[14]\u00a0 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0641\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0635 82.<\/p>\n[15]\u00a0 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c 1996\u0645\u060c \u0635 34.<\/p>\n[16]\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 39.<\/p>\n[17]\u00a0 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 2005\u0645\u060c \u0635 41.<\/p>\n[18]\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 105-106.<\/p>\n[19]\u00a0 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0635 272-273.<\/p>\n[20]\u00a0 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0635 24-25.<\/p>\n[21]\u00a0 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0635 47.<\/p>\n[22]\u00a0 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n[23]\u00a0 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0635 35-36.<\/p>\n[24]\u00a0 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0635 84.<\/p>\n[25]\u00a0 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0635 31.<\/p>\n[26]\u00a0 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063529.<\/p>\n[27]\u00a0 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 29.<\/p>\n[28]\u00a0 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0635 79.<\/p>\n[29]\u00a0 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0628 \u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0635 9.<\/p>\n[30]\u00a0 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u060c \u0635 57.<\/p>\n<p>______________________<\/p>\n<p>*\u0646\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u00a0&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a 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