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\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u00a0<strong>\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong>\u00a0\u201c<em>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f<\/em><em>\u201d The Lonely Crowd<\/em>\u00a0\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u00a0<strong>\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0632<\/strong>\u00a0\u201c<em>\u0630\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/em><em>\u201d White Collar<\/em><em>\u060c \u0648\u201d\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/em><em>\u201d The Power Elite<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3) <\/strong><strong>\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0641 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\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u00a0<strong>\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0631<\/strong>\u00a0\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f\u00a0<strong>\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639<\/strong>\u00a0\u0642\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u00a0 \u0635\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627<a name=\"_ftnref1\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>. \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u00a0<strong>\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u201c\u0627<em>\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/em><em> mechanical solidarity <\/em><em>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a<\/em><em>\u201d organic solidarity <\/em><em>\u0648\u201d\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/em><em>\u201d anomy<\/em><em>\u060c \u0648\u201d\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a<\/em><em>\u201d conscience collective<\/em>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627\u00a0<strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0623\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u00a0<em>\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a<\/em>\u00a0\u061b \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u201c<em>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/em><em>\u201d ideal type <\/em><em>\u0648\u201d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u201d \u0648\u201d\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/em><em>\u201d Iron Cage <\/em><em>\u0648\u201d\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0645\u0627<\/em><em>\u201d<\/em><em>\u060c<\/em>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627\u00a0<strong>\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u00a0<em>\u201c<\/em><em>\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u201d \u0648\u201d\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u201d \u0648\u201d\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0629<\/em><em>\u201d institutionalized irresponsibility<\/em>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627\u00a0<strong>\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0632<\/strong><a name=\"_ftnref2\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u00a0<em>\u201c<\/em><em>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629<\/em><em>\u201d manifest and latent functions<\/em>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627\u00a0<strong>\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/strong><a name=\"_ftnref3\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u201d<em>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u201d \u0648\u201d\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a<\/em><em>\u201d <\/em><em>\u0648\u201d\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u201d \u0648\u201d\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/em><em>\u201d habitus<\/em>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627\u00a0<strong>\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0648<\/strong><a name=\"_ftnref4\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 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\u0625\u0628\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0<em>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u00a0(\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f 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href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftn7\">[7]<\/a><\/em><em>\u060c <\/em><em>\u201c<\/em><em>\u0630\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/em><em>\u201d<a name=\"_ftnref8\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftn8\">[8]<\/a><\/em><em>\u060c \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/em><em>\u201d<a 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\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u00a0<strong>\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0632<\/strong>\u00a0\u201c<em>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/em>\u201c<a name=\"_ftnref24\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftn24\"><sup>[24]<\/sup><\/a>\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u064e\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u00a0<strong>\u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648<\/strong>\u00a0\u0623\u0648<em>\u00a0<\/em><em>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b<\/em>\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631<strong>\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633<\/strong>. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u062a\u062d \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0648.\u00a0<em>\u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/em><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>10) <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0632 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649\u00a0<strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629<\/strong><strong> grand theory<\/strong>\u00a0\u0648<strong>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0632\u0623\u0629<\/strong><strong> abstracted empiricism<a name=\"_ftnref25\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftn25\"><sup>[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644\u00a0<strong>\u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0645<\/strong>\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u00a0<strong>\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0648<\/strong>\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629<a name=\"_ftnref26\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftn26\"><sup>[26]<\/sup><\/a>. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u00a0<strong>\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0633<\/strong>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u201c<em>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a<\/em>\u201c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 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<\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0632<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1950 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u00a0<strong>\u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong>\u00a0\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u201c<em>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/em><em>\u201d The Lonely Crowd: A Study of the Changing American Character<\/em><a name=\"_ftnref34\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftn34\"><em><sup>[34<\/sup><\/em><sup>]<\/sup><\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627: \u0627<em>\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\/ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a<\/em><em> tradition directed<\/em><em>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/em><em>Inner directed<\/em><em>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a<\/em><em> other-directed.<\/em>\u00a0\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 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\u0639\u0646\u062f<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0632<\/strong>\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0631\u064a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0632\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 (\u0635 281\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>) Peter Baehr.\u00a0<em>Founders, Classics, Canons: Modern Disputes over the Origins and Appraisal of Sociology\u2019s Heritage<\/em>. (London: Routledge, 2002), p. xvi.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn2\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0629\u201d \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 welfare state \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0632 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u0627\u063a\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u201c\u0645\u0645\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0639\u062a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn3\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>) Robert K. Merton.\u00a0<em>Social Theory and Social Structure<\/em>. (New York: Free Press, 1968).<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn4\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>) Pierre Bourdieu.\u00a0<em>Outline of a Theory of Practice<\/em>. Translated by Richard Nice (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1977)<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn5\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>) Weber, Max 1930.\u00a0<em>The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism\u00a0<\/em>(translated by Talcott Parsons). London: Unwin University Books.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn6\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a>) Weber, Max 1978.\u00a0<em>Economy and Society<\/em>, Vols. 1 and 2 (edited by Guenther Roth and Claus Wittich). Berkeley: University of California Press.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn7\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a>) Mills, C. Wright 1959.\u00a0<em>The Sociological Imagination<\/em>. London: Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn8\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a>) C. Wright Mills.\u00a0<em>White Collar; the American Middle Classes<\/em>. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1951)<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn9\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a>) C. Wright Mills.\u00a0<em>The Power Elite<\/em>. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1956).<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn10\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a>) Robert A Nisbet.\u00a0<em>The Sociological Tradition<\/em>. (London: Heinemann, 1966), p. 5.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn11\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a>) Stephen Lukes.\u00a0<em>Emile Durkheim: His Life and Work<\/em>. (London: Allen Lane, 1973); \u201cAlienation and Anomie\u201d in Laslett, P. &amp; Runciman, W.G. (eds.);\u00a0<em>Philosophy, Politics and Society<\/em>, Third Series (1967, Blackwell, Oxford); \u201cDurkheim\u2019s Individualism and the Intellectuals\u201d,\u00a0<em>Political Studies<\/em>, 1969, XVII, 1, pp. 14-19 (+translation: pp. 19-30); \u201cProlegomena to the Interpretation of Durkheim\u201d,\u00a0<em>Archives europ\u00e9ennes de sociologie<\/em>, 1971, XII, 2, pp. 1-209<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn12\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a>) Wolfgang J. Mommsen.\u00a0<em>Max Weber and German Politics, 1890-1920<\/em>. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984); Mommsen.\u00a0<em>The Political and Social Theory of Max Weber: Collected Essays<\/em>. (Cambridge: Polity, 1989); Mommsen.\u00a0<em>The Age of Capitalism and Bureaucracy: Perspectives on the Political Sociology of Max Weber<\/em>. (New York, NY: Berghahn Books, Incorporated, 2021).<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn13\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a>) Alvin Ward Gouldner.\u00a0<em>The Coming Crisis of Western Sociology<\/em>. (London: Heinemann, 1977).<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn14\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a>) Gouldner.\u00a0<em>Patterns of Industrial Bureaucracy<\/em>. (New York: Free Press, 1967)<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn15\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a>) \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0624\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 1\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2014.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn16\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a>) Alvin Ward Gouldner.\u00a0<em>Enter Plato: Classical Greece and the Origins of Social Theory<\/em>. (New York: Basic Books, 1965).<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn17\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a>) Niklas Luhmann.\u00a0<em>The Differentiation of Society<\/em>. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1982); Luhmann,\u00a0<em>Social Systems<\/em>. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995)<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn18\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a>) Thomas Bottomore.\u00a0<em>Elites and Society<\/em>\u00a0(London: Watts, 1964);<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn19\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref19\">[19]<\/a>) Ralf Dahrendorf.\u00a0<em>Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society.<\/em>\u00a0(Stanford: Stanford University Press. 1959).<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn20\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref20\">[20]<\/a>) Irving Zeitlin, M.\u00a0<em>Ideology and the Development of Sociological Theory<\/em>. (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1968)<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn21\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref21\">[21]<\/a>) Go\u0308ran Therborn.\u00a0<em>Science, Class, and Society: On the Formation of Sociology and Historical Materialism<\/em>. (London: Verso, 1980)<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn22\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref22\">[22]<\/a>) Michel Foucault. \u201cWhat is an Author? (Translated by Josue V. Harari), in Paul Rabinow (ed.)\u00a0<em>The Foucault Reader<\/em>, pp. 101-20. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1984).<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn23\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref23\">[23]<\/a>) Pierre Bourdieu.\u00a0<em>Homo Academicus<\/em>. (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1988).<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn24\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref24\">[24]<\/a>) \u0641\u0636\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u201c\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u201d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u201c\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 structure\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u201c\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629\u201d \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0632.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn25\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref25\">[25]<\/a>) C. Wright Mills.\u00a0<em>The Sociological Imagination<\/em>. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1959), pp. 25ff, 50ff.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn26\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref26\">[26]<\/a>) Pierre Bourdieu, and Loi\u0308c J. D. Wacquant.\u00a0<em>An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology<\/em>. (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1992).<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn27\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref27\">[27]<\/a>) David Harvey.\u00a0<em>A Companion to Marx\u2019s Capital<\/em>. Complete edition. (London: Verso, 2018);<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn28\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref28\">[28]<\/a>) Anthony Giddens.\u00a0<em>Capitalism and Modern Social Theory: An Analysis of the Writings of Marx, Durkheim and Max Weber<\/em>. (Cambridge: University Press, 1971).<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn29\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref29\">[29]<\/a>) \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 24 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1895\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647:<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.marxists.org\/archive\/marx\/works\/1895\/letters\/95_01_24.htm<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn30\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref30\">[30]<\/a>) Marx,\u00a0<em>Capital<\/em>, translated by Ben Fowks, vol.1. (London: Harmondsworth, 1977) p. 451, n. 18.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn31\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref31\">[31]<\/a>) Marx to Engels. 7 July 1866, in\u00a0<em>Marx-Engels Collected Works<\/em>, Volume 42 \u2013 Marx and Engels: Letters: 1864-1868. (London: Lawrence &amp; Wishart, 1987), p. 292.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn32\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref32\">[32]<\/a>) Anthony Giddens. \u201cWeber and Durkheim: Coincidence and Divergence, in W.J. Mommsen and J. Osterhammel (eds.)\u00a0<em>Max Weber and His Contemporaries<\/em>, pp. 182-9. London: Unwin Hyman, 1987), p. 182.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn33\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref33\">[33]<\/a>) Thorstein Veblen.\u00a0<em>The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study of Institutions<\/em>. [New ed.]. (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1912).<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn34\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref34\">[34]<\/a>) David Riesman.\u00a0<em>The Lonely Crowd: A Study of the Changing American Character<\/em>. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1950).<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn35\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref35\">[35]<\/a>) Talcott Parsons and Winston White. \u201cThe Link between Character and Society\u201d, in Lipset, Seymour Martin, and Leo Lowenthal, eds. 1961.\u00a0<em>Culture and Social Character; the Work of David Riesman Reviewed<\/em>. [New York]: [Free Press of Glencoe], pp. 89 \u2013 135.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn36\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref36\">[36]<\/a>) Durkheim.\u00a0<em>Suicide<\/em>, trans. John A. Spaulding and George Simpson. )London: Routledge, 2002[1897]), p. 122.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn37\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref37\">[37]<\/a>) Ibid, p. 123.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn38\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref38\">[38]<\/a>) Loc. Cit.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn39\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref39\">[39]<\/a>) Pitirim Sorokin.\u00a0<em>Contemporary Sociological Theories<\/em>. (New York and London: Harper &amp; Brothers, 1928).<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn40\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref40\">[40]<\/a>) \u0637\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0635 463.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn41\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref41\">[41]<\/a>) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 472.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn42\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref42\">[42]<\/a>) \u0637\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1925\u060c \u0635 42.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn43\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref43\">[43]<\/a>) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 59.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn44\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref44\">[44]<\/a>) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 60.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn45\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref45\">[45]<\/a>) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn46\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref46\">[46]<\/a>) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 63.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn47\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref47\">[47]<\/a>) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn48\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref48\">[48]<\/a>) W. Lepenies.\u00a0<em>Between Literature and Science: The Rise of Sociology.\u00a0<\/em>Translated by R. J. Hollingdale. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), p. 243, cited in Baehr, p. 11.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_ftn49\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/taqueen.com\/%d8%aa%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%83%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIIQgdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHcTgh_geBAsyDKNOgwcbIrikTWU70FVT0rYKmT8PdZ3QwJpQLDv8_Ko2Mg_aem__sbqfbxPkEoRtQxHXXax1w&amp;sfnsn=wa#_ftnref49\">[49]<\/a>) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0635\u062f\u062a \u201c\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u201d \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0636\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0632:<\/p>\n<p>Irving Louis Horowitz.\u00a0<em>The Decomposition of Sociology<\/em>. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995).<\/p>\n<p>____________________<\/p>\n<p>*\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: &#8220;\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 &nbsp; \u00a0 &nbsp; \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u00a0\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u00a0\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u201d\u060c\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2508,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-33"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2507","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2507"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2507\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2509,"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2507\/revisions\/2509"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2508"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2507"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2507"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2507"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}