{"id":3204,"date":"2025-05-21T13:19:02","date_gmt":"2025-05-21T10:19:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/?p=3204"},"modified":"2025-05-21T13:19:02","modified_gmt":"2025-05-21T10:19:02","slug":"%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/?p=3204","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629…"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 .. \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 … \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/div>\n
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“\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f”<\/div>\n
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\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2663\ufe0e<\/span>\u2663\ufe0e<\/span> \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0650\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064d \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u2663\ufe0e<\/span>\u2663\ufe0e<\/span> \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629.. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\n
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\n
\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0631\u062a\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629\u064d \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u062f\u064a. \u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0646. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644: \u0645\u064e\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u061f \u0623\u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0630\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0643\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645… \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2663\ufe0e<\/span>\u2663\ufe0e<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n
\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064c \u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2667 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f” (1830) \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1815\u20131830)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 (1789\u20131799) \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064e\u0637\u064e\u0631”\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0625\u0631\u062b \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 .<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2667 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634\/\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629) vs. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062a\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631:<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631: \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062e\u0637\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0628.<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f: \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0650\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 .<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0634\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646) \u0648\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064d \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629\u064d \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 .<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2667 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u2013 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0638\u0644\u0651\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062f\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629: \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0638\u0651\u0650\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0640”\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645” \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0650\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 .<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629. \u0635\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0640”\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0646\u0639\u0629”\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0644\u062f \u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064d \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a: \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0650\u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 .<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2667 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629\u064b. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064d \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0644\u064d \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646) \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646”\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a .<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0645\u064e\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u062d\u064f\u0643\u0651\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 .<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2667 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0650\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629”. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0647\u0646\u064d \u062a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0633\u0633 \u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 .<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b)\u060c \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0628\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1830\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c “\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629” \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a .<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2667 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0643\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0651\u064e\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064d \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 “\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062e\u0651\u064d \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064d \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0629 .<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0623\u0646\u064e \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644)\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0646\u064e \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u064d \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 “\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0650\u062f\u0629”\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0638\u0644\u0651\u064e \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a .<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2605 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0621\u0629\u064d \u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064d \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1830 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0640”\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645”\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0642\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0650\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b “\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a” \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a 1848 .<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f” \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064d \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629\u064d \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0650\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2663\ufe0e<\/span>\u2663\ufe0e<\/span> \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f”: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u0624 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b<\/div>\n
(\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
1. “\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646”: \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064c \u0645\u0628\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0644\u0645\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e “\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644” \u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062e\u0637\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0628\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0643\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0628:<\/div>\n
“\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064d \u062d\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u061f”<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0628\u0637\u0646\u0629: \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a 1830 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631 “\u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631” \u2013 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0646.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
2. “\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628… \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0630\u0643\u0645”: \u0646\u0628\u0648\u0621\u0629\u064c \u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u064c \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u062d \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a)\u060c \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0649 “\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631” \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628.<\/div>\n
\u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644 (\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u062f) \u0628\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a 1848 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u2013 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637”.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
3. “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u064c \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a… \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627”: \u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064c \u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a \u0645\u064f\u0642\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0639<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0650\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0644\u062f \u0643\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u0623\u0629:<\/div>\n
\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644: \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a (\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627) \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064c \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f”.<\/div>\n
\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0644\u062f: \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0637\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u2013 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u2013 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 “\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u0634”.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
4. “\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0629\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0621”: \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u0641\u0651\u064e\u0631\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647:<\/div>\n
\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0647).<\/div>\n
\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d (\u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0647\u0645\u0634 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627).<\/div>\n
\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627: “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629”.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
5. “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0629… \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u0629: \u0641\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u061f” \u2013 \u064a\u0623\u0633\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062f\u0641\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064c \u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0626\u064a\u0628\u0629:<\/div>\n
“\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u2013 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0630\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627”.<\/div>\n
\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u063a\u0646\u0651\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 (\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645) \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f “\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0636\u064d \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627”.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
6. “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621”: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0621 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u064e\u0646\u0652<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0640”\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a”.<\/div>\n
\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a (“\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621”).<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0629: “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u2013 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629”.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2605 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0640”\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f” \u0644\u0650\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
“\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f” \u0647\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064f \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u0624 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b:<\/div>\n
\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629\u061f<\/div>\n
\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u061f<\/div>\n
\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u064c \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0646\u0639\u0629\u061f<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2605\u2605 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629… \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2663\ufe0e<\/span>\u2663\ufe0e<\/span> \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0643\u062a\u062c\u0633\u064a\u062f\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
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\n
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\n
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\u2667 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064d \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u2013 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629\u064c \u0645\u0641\u0631\u063a\u0629: \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u064a\u0631 “\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b”\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631: \u062d\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0634\u0628\u062d\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 “\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b” \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0650\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0647 \u0639\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f\u064a”\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0629\u064b: \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0640”\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e”\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u0629 . \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0647\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064d \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2605\u2605\u2605 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f” \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0651\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0651\u0629: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064d \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u064c \u0623\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629\u064c \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u064a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u061f \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0623 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647 “\u0633\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1880” \u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0623\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f… \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f” \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0638\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2663\ufe0e<\/span>\u2663\ufe0e<\/span> \u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0644 (\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644): \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n
(1783\u20131842)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
1. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645: \u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0630\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a-\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644) \u0641\u064a 23 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1783 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u064f\u062b\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a:<\/div>\n
\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631: \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062c\u0631\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0647 .<\/div>\n
\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628: \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 .<\/div>\n
\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 .<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f: \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 .<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
2. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a: \u0641\u064a 1799\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 (18 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0631). \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0633\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647 .<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u064a\u0631 “\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1801 (\u0628\u0639\u0645\u0631 19 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627) \u0623\u0646\u0647\u062a \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 .<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644\u0629: \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0639\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 .<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631 “\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644”: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1817 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 .<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627: \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648 (1814\u20131821)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u064f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0637\u064f\u0631\u062f .<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a: \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633 (1827) \u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0640 20 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f (1830) \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a \u0641\u0634\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0630\u0639\u0629 .<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 “\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629” .<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 “\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627” .<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
5. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0625\u0631\u062b \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0623. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f (1830):<\/div>\n
\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f).<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0628. \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0627 (1839):<\/div>\n
\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a 52 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0627. \u0623\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0640”\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629”\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0650\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0649 300 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u062c. \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 (1822):<\/div>\n
\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0643\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
6. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0645\u064f\u0647\u0645\u064e\u0644<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644: \u0639\u064f\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 (1831)\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0633). \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0640 60 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 .<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629: \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1842 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0643\u062a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639. \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0647: “\u0639\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0628” \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 .<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u2663\ufe0e<\/span>\u2663\ufe0e<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f: \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631<\/div>\n
\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064f\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 .<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/div>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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