{"id":4790,"date":"2026-09-16T00:55:14","date_gmt":"2026-09-15T21:55:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/?p=4790"},"modified":"2026-09-16T00:55:14","modified_gmt":"2026-09-15T21:55:14","slug":"%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%81%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/?p=4790","title":{"rendered":"\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628<\/strong> <strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"154\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong> <strong>\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a<\/strong> <strong>\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<h1>\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/h1>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"154\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/strong> <strong>:<\/strong>\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0635\u0641\u0627 <strong>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/strong> <strong>:<\/strong>\u062f .\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0627\u0636<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/strong> <strong>:<\/strong>\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u2013 2025\/2026<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u00a0\u00a0 &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>5 &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>6 &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>8 &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 )\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 :\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a :\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>.\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b :\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u06459&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 :\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230; 11<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 :\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u061f\u00a0\u00a0 &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.\u00a0 13<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629\u00a0\u00a0 15&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 16&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h1>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0645\u0650 Science) of (Philosophy \u062d\u064e\u0642\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u064b\u00a0\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e\u0644\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u064f\u0623\u0633\u064f\u0633\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0637\u0650\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0638\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650. \u0648\u064e\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0650\u064a\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0650\u064a\u0632\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0633\u064f\u0624\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650 &#8220;\u0643\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0641\u064e\u061f&#8221;\u060c \u064a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0641\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0641\u064e\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0644\u0652 \u0647\u0650\u064a\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064c (Certain) \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064f\u062c\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062f\u064f \u062a\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0628\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0638\u0650\u064a\u0641\u0650 &#8216;\u064a\u064d. \u064a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0649 \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e\u062d\u0652\u062b\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u0650\u0643\u0652\u0634\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0650\u0625\u0634\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a\u0650\u064a \u0623\u064e\u062b\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0650&#8217;\u0633\u0652\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064f (Relativity) \u0648\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e \u0650 &#8216;\u0645 Mechanics) (Quantum \u0648\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062b\u0650\u064a\u0631\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0645\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u064a\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0636\u064f\u0648\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650 (Objectivity) \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u064a\u064b\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0646\u0650<\/p>\n<p>.(Uncertainty)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b&#8217;\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623 &#8216;\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a .\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0636 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 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width=\"154\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062d\u064e\u062b\u064f<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0623\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0644\u064f<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>:<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u0641\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0629\u064f<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>Time)<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>and<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>Space<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>of<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>(Philosophy<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u00a0(Absolute<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>vs.<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>Relative<\/u><\/strong>):<strong>\u0650\u064a<\/strong> <strong>\u0652\u0633\u0650\u0628<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0646<\/strong> <strong>\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0642\u0627\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0644<\/strong> <strong>\u0644\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0637\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0642<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0627:<\/h2>\n<p><strong><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0646\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0646 \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0642\u0650 Space) (Absolute \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0642\u0650 Time) (Absolute \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0639\u0652\u062a\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0642\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650. \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0644\u0650\u060c \u0646\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0649 \u0644\u0650\u064a\u0628\u0652\u0646\u0650\u062a\u0652\u0632 \u0628\u0650\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0650&#8217;\u0633\u0652\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0626\u064b\u0650\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650(Relationalism) \u060c \u062d\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062b\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f \u0645\u064f\u062c\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062f\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0637\u0652\u0631\u064d \u062a\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0634\u064e\u0623\u064f \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0623\u0634\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650.<\/p>\n<p>\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 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\u2013<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u064e\u0645\u064e\u062c\u064e\u062a\u0650\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0650&#8217;\u0633\u0652\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064f\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0628\u0650\u0646\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064d \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0641\u064f \u0628\u0650\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650(Spacetime)\u00a0\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u062b\u0652\u0628\u064e\u062a\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0630\u0650\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0647\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0646\u0652\u062d\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064c (Curvature)\u0641\u0650\u064a \u0647\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627 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\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u064a\u00a0\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u064a\u064f\u0644\u0642\u064a\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u00a0\u0643\u0644\u00a0\u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629\u00a0\u0636\u0648\u0621\u0627\u064b\u00a0\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650\u064a<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>:<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0650\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064f<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u0645\u064f\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0644\u064e<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0623\u062f\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>Instrumentalism)<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>vs.<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>(Realism<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0627 :\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f&#8217;\u00a0\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a&#8217;\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a&#8217;\u0629\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a&#8217;\u0629\u0650 \u0645\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a&#8217;\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0650\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064f \u062d\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u064d \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 &#8216;\u064a\u064d: \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a&#8217;\u0629\u064c \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a&#8217;\u0629\u064c \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629\u064c\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646&#8217;\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064f\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0621\u064d \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u00a0 &#8216;\u064a\u064d \u0639\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0650 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0650\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0646&#8217;\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u064c \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a&#8217;\u0629\u064c \u0641\u0639&#8217;\u0627\u0644\u0629\u064c \u0644\u0644\u062a&#8217;\u0646\u0628\u0624\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0644 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<strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0648\u0627\u0650\u0642\u0650\u0639\u0651\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0629<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0635\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0638\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u062a\u064e\u0635\u0650\u0641\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0650\u0639\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0642\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0644\u0650reality) (Mind-independent \u060c \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0646\u0650\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064f\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0650\u0625\u0639\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0632\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650Argument) (No-Miracles \u061b 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\u062d\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064f\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064e\u00a0\u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0646&#8217;\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0650\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a&#8217;\u0629\u064e\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0646&#8217;\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629\u064e\u00a0\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064f\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064e\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0650&#8217;\u0644\u064e\u00a0\u0639\u0646\u0650\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0650\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u00a0 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\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u00a0 &#8216;\u0635\u062f\u062f\u0650\u00a0\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0631\u064b\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u0627\u063a\u064e \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064f\u00a0&#8216;\u062c\u0629\u064e \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0650 .<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>(Instrumentalism):\u0627\u064e\u0644\u0623\u064e\u062f\u0627\u0650\u062a\u0651\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0629<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0623\u062f\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0638\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0645\u064f\u062c\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062f\u064f \u0623\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062d\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064d tools) (Computational \u0644\u0650\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064f\u0624\u0650 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u0631\u0650\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0643\u064e\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0650\u0625\u0644\u0650\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0646\u0650\u00a0(Electron)\u00a0\u0647\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0646\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0630\u0650\u062c\u064f \u0631\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0636\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064e\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0631\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0643\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062d\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f\u0650\u00a0\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064e \u0646\u064a\u0644\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0650 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064e \u0639\u00a0&#8216;\u0645\u0627\u00a0\u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u0633\u064a\u0652\u0645\u064f \u062d\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u064f\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u00a0\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644 &#8216;\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0639\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0650 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0650 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0649 \u0644\u0647 \u061f<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>:<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064f<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0650<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u0650<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0650\u0639\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u0646\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0648\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064f Realism): (Structural \u0645\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0642\u0650\u0641\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0633\u0650\u064a\u0637\u064c \u064a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0634\u0650\u0641\u064f \u0637\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0639\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0623\u0634\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650\u060c \u0628\u064e\u0644\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0634\u0650\u0641\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u0646\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u00a0\u0650&#8217;\u0631\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0636\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064e structure)\u00a0(Mathematical\u00a0\u0644\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064b\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u064e \u0643\u0650\u0644\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062c\u062f\u064a&#8217;\u0629\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639 &#8216;\u0645\u0642\u0629\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a&#8217;\u0629\u064f \u062a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645\u064f \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064f \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u062a&#8217;\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626 &#8216;\u064a&#8221; \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646&#8217;\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0646&#8217;\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629\u064e \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u062c\u064f\u0633\u064a\u0652\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0650 \u0642\u062f\u0652 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064d<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629\u064d\u00a0\u0643\u064f\u0644&#8217;\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c\u00a0\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u00a0&#8216;\u0643\u0643\u064f\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8217;\u0629\u0650\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u00a0&#8216;\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629\u064e\u00a0\u062a\u064f\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064f\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0646&#8217;\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a&#8217;\u0629\u0650.\u00a0\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0650\u060c \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0631\u062c\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a&#8217;\u0629\u064e \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u064f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0650 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a&#8217;\u0629\u0650 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a&#8217;\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 &#8216;\u064a\u0650\u061b \u0641\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064e \u062a\u0646\u062c\u062d\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0650 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0625\u0646\u0652 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0652<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631\u064f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u064d \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0650\u061f \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0652 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0652 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u064f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u064c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0632\u0642\u0650.\u00a0\u0641\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u00a0&#8216;\u0633\u062e\u064f\u00a0&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a&#8217;\u0629\u064f\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a&#8217;\u0629\u064f\u00a0&#8221;\u00a0\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u064f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646&#8217;\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064f\u00a0\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a&#8217;\u0629\u064f\u00a0\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0650 \u0644\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064f &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064f&#8221; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 &#8216;\u064a\u0650 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a&#8217;\u0644\u0639\u064b\u0628\u064f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0650 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0650 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u064f \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064f \u062d\u064a\u0652 \u0627\u0632\u0627\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646&#8217;\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641 &#8216;\u064a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062d\u064e\u062b\u064f<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062b\u064f<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>:<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064f<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064f<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>Determinism)<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>and<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>(Causality<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u0623<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>:<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 <\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0650&#8217;\u064a\u0648\u064f\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064f Determinism): (Strict \u062a\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0643\u064e\u0622\u0644\u064e\u0629\u064d \u062f\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0642\u064e\u0629\u064d. \u0648\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0633\u064b \u0628\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0641\u064f \u0628\u0650\u0640 &#8220;\u0634\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0637\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0644\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0633\u064bDemon) (Laplace&#8217;s &#8220;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a \u064a\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0641\u064e\u0629\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0629\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0636\u0650\u064a \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0644\u0650.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0649\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064f\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0646&#8217;\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064f\u00a0\u0641\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u0650\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u00a0&#8216;\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0650\u00a0\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064e\u00a0\u0625\u0644\u0649\u00a0\u062a\u0635\u00a0&#8216;\u0648\u0631\u064d\u00a0\u0643\u0648\u0646\u00a0&#8216;\u064a\u064d\u00a0\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064d\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a&#8217;\u0629\u0650\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u00a0 &#8216;\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629\u0650:\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064f\u00a0\u0622\u0644\u0629\u064c\u00a0\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629\u064c\u00a0\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639\u064f \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064e \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u064d\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648 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\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0627<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644 &#8216;\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u0650 \u061f<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>:<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u064f<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u0627\u0644<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629\u0650<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064f<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0629\u0650<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0629\u0650<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0623\u064f \u0627\u0644\u00a0\u0650&#8217;\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064e\u0629\u0650 Principle)\u00a0:(Uncertainty\u00a0\u0623\u064e\u062b\u0652\u0628\u064e\u062a\u064e \u0647\u064e\u0627\u064a\u0652\u0632\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0628\u0650\u0631\u0652\u063a \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u064a\u064b\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e (Indeterminacy)\u00a0\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e \u0642\u064f\u0635\u064f\u0648\u00a0\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0650\u064a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0623\u062f\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u060c \u0628\u064e\u0644\u0652 \u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0642\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062f\u064c \u0623\u064e\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064c \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0637\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0639\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0650\u0639\u0650 \u0630\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1927\u060c \u0635\u0627\u063a\u064e \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0635\u0651\u064f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646&#8217;\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0650 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0632\u064b\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 )\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0642( \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a&#8221; \u0644\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0631\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0634\u0627\u0621 )\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a.( \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062d\u064e\u062b\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0639\u064f<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>:<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> \u0625\u0650\u0634\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0650\u0628\u0650 <\/u><\/strong><strong><u>Problem)<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>Observer<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>(The<\/u><\/strong><strong><u> \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>:<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u0645\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0623\u064f<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064f\u0628\u0650\u0648\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/u><\/strong> <strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>(Superposition):<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0627 :\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u062c\u00a0&#8216;\u0633\u062f\u00a0\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u064f\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0647\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629\u00a0\u0641\u064a\u00a0\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u00a0\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u00a0.\u0641\u062d\u064a\u0646\u00a0\u0646\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642\u00a0\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u00a0\u0646\u062d\u0648\u00a0\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632\u00a0\u0641\u064a\u0647\u00a0\u0634\u0642&#8217;\u0627\u0646\u00a0\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u00a0\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u00a0\u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u00a0\u064a\u0645\u0631\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c\u00a0\u0646\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629\u00a0\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647\u00a0\u0646\u0645\u0637\u00a0\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u00a0\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u00a0\u0643\u0623\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u00a0\u0645\u00a0&#8216;\u0631\u00a0\u0645\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0646\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 .\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u0633\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0645\u064e \u064a\u064f\u0648\u062c\u064e\u062f\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u062d\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0645\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0650&#8217;\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0645\u064e\u0639\u0627\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u064e\u0641\u064f \u0628\u0650\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062c\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650 (Wavefunction)\u0642\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0644\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0635\u0652\u062f\u0650 \u060c\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a .<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u2013 \u0623\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u2013&#8221; \u064a\u064f\u063a\u064a&#8217;\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645 .\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 :\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u061f \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u061f<\/p>\n<h2>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0627 :\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u062a .\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0652\u0643\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650 Problem):\u00a0(Measurement\u062a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0635\u0652\u062f\u0650 \u064a\u064f\u0624\u064e\u062f\u0650&#8217;\u064a \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0652\u0647\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062c\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650 (Wavefunction\u00a0Collapse)\u0644\u0650\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062f\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0642\u0650\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u0633\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0645\u0650 .<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>:(Copenhagen<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>\u00a0Interpretation) \u064f\u0643\u0648\u0650\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0647\u0627\u0650\u062c\u0646 \u064e\u062a\u0652\u0641\u0650\u0633\u064a\u064f\u0631<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0650\u0639\u064e \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e\u062f\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650\u060c \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064f\u0624\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064f\u0633\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0645\u064f \u062d\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064f\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0650\u0628\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0649 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0635\u0627\u063a\u0647 \u0646\u064a\u0644\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a 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1984<\/p>\n<p>\u0662 .\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 .\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0629 .\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 .\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 :\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u06281972<\/p>\n<p>\u0663 .\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0631 .\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 .\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645 .\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a :\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c 1995<\/p>\n<p>\u0664 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0666 .\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0634\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a .\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 .\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f .\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 :\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 .\u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u06292001<\/p>\n<p>\u0667 .\u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0644\u0632 .\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 .\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 .\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a :\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 1998<\/p>\n<p>\u0668 .\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0631 .\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 .\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 .\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 :\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c 2005<\/p>\n<p>\u0669 .\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 .\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 .\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 .\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a :\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c 1992<\/p>\n<p>\u0661\u0660 .\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 .\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a .\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 .\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 :\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 1994<\/p>\n<p>\u0661\u0661 .\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062f\u063a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 .\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 .\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a .\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a :\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c 2012<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0627<\/strong> <strong>:<\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"12\">\n<li>Bell, S. (1964). &#8220;On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen Paradox&#8221;. Physics Physique Fizika, 1(3), 195\u2013200.<\/li>\n<li>Bohm, David (1952). &#8220;A Suggested Interpretation of the Quantum Theory in Terms of Hidden Variables&#8221;. Physical Review, 85(2), 166\u2013179.<\/li>\n<li>Bohr, Niels (1958). Atomic Physics and Human New York: Wiley.<\/li>\n<li>Einstein, A.; Podolsky, B.; Rosen, N. (1935). &#8220;Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?&#8221;. Physical Review, 47(10), 777\u2013780.<\/li>\n<li>Everett III, Hugh (1957). &#8220;Relative State Formulation of Quantum Mechanics&#8221;. Reviews of Modern Physics, 29(3), 454\u2013462.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"17\">\n<li>Heisenberg, Werner (1927). &#8220;\u00dcber den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik&#8221;. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Physik, 43(3\u20134), 172\u2013<\/li>\n<li>Kuhn, Thomas (1962). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.<\/li>\n<li>Leibniz, W. &amp; Clarke, S. (2000). Correspondence. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing.<\/li>\n<li>Newton, Isaac (1687). Philosophi\u00e6 Naturalis Principia London: Royal Society.<\/li>\n<li>Penrose, Roger (1989). The Emperor&#8217;s New Oxford: Oxford University Press.<\/li>\n<li>Popper, Karl (1959). The Logic of Scientific Discovery. London:<\/li>\n<li>Schr\u00f6dinger, Erwin (1935). &#8220;Die gegenw\u00e4rtige Situation in der Quantenmechanik&#8221;. Naturwissenschaften, 23(48\u201350), 807\u2013849.<\/li>\n<li>Wheeler, John (1990). &#8220;Information, Physics, Quantum: The Search for Links&#8221;. In W. Zurek (Ed.), Complexity, Entropy, and the Physics of Information. Redwood City: Addison-Wesley.<\/li>\n<li>Wigner, Eugene (1961). &#8220;Remarks on the Mind-Body Question&#8221;. In I. J. Good (Ed.), The Scientist Speculates. London: Heinemann.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u00a0 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 :\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0635\u0641\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 :\u062f .\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 :\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u00a0 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u2013 2025\/2026 &nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u00a0\u00a0 &#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4791,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4790","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-40"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4790","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4790"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4790\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4792,"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4790\/revisions\/4792"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4791"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4790"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4790"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/khitabdelta.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4790"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}